Seawalls are artificial structures created to protect the shorelines from wave action, land erosion and flooding. Their surfaces are relatively smooth, leading to the lack of shade, crevices, and water retention which are essential for the survival of marine organisms. Nonetheless, professor Leung and his research team from City University of Hong Kong have come up with an innovative solution to this problem. By introducing eco-engineered components such as enhanced seawall panels, tidal pools, ecological armoring units and oyster baskets, the habitat complexity of the once smooth seawalls is enhanced, and now allows the walls to retain seawater during low tides, allowing to the marine biodiversity on the seawalls to be greatly enhanced.